What would a small island monastery of the seventh or eighth century off the west coast of Scotland look like? How would buildings and space within the site be organised, how would the settlement itself relate to its broader landscape and what light can archaeology throw on the day to day life of its inhabitants and its cultural origins? The results of the current project – involving a programme of survey and excavation of multiple sites throughout the island – go some way towards answering some of these questions.
An early monastery on Inchmarnock has long been considered likely given the range of early carved stones that have been unearthed from time to time in and around the site of the medieval church. The key artefact associated with this early settlement is the large collection of inscribed slate. This is the largest assemblage of such material from anywhere in the British Isles and it is of particular importance because of its implications for monastic schooling and design. Among the inscriptions is a unique survival, a line of verse from a hymn that formed part of the Antiphonary of Bangor, a late seventh-century liturgical commonplace book. The same stone also gives us our first evidence for the informal, non-monumental use of ogham alongside Latin. The role of the church in fosterage and the cultural connections of the island – whether with the Gaelic West or the Brittonic kingdom of Strathclyde to the east – are also explored.
Dr Christopher Lowe is a director and co-founder of Headland Archaeology Ltd. With over 25 years professional experience, principally in Scotland, he has worked and published on sites of all periods but specializes in the Early Historic archaeology of North Britain. He has directed and published major excavations of the early monastic site at Hoddom in Dumfriesshire, as well as the multi-period settlement sites at Kebister, Shetland [with Olwyn Owen] and in the cliff-face below St Boniface’s church on Papa Westray in Orkney. He is currently involved in the publication of the Roy Ritchie excavations (1957-67) at Whithorn Priory.